In TE, histological techniques (such as light microscopy) have been widely used to visualize and examine scaffolds as well as cell growth and tissue regeneration in sacrificed animal models. However, longitudinal studies as well as the advance from animal to human studies require these histological techniques be relinquished and non-invasive options for examination during the repairing process be developed. Our long-term goal is to develop synchrotron-imaging technologies to non-invasively track scaffold-treated tissue regeneration in living animal models and eventually in human patients.